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6 <p>Strings can sometimes be <strong>complex</strong>, especially when they use
17 format establishes itself because of its <strong>compatibility</strong> with
19 <strong>large</strong> range of characters and symbols for all cultures and
27 our aims and at the cost of a certain <strong>complexity</strong> along with
28 a regrettable <strong>verbosity</strong>.</p>
30 <strong>simple</strong> way to manipulate strings with
31 <strong>performance</strong> and <strong>efficiency</strong> in minds. It
32 also provides some evoluated algorithms to perform <strong>search</strong>
38 <strong>UTF-8</strong> Unicode strings and allows to manipulate it easily.
52 <p>Let's start with <strong>elementary</strong> operations. If we would like
53 to <strong>count</strong> the number of characters (not bytes), we will use
68 right or the left, but rather about a <strong>beginning</strong> or an
69 <strong>end</strong>, and based on the <strong>direction</strong> of writing.
95 <p>If we would like to <strong>concatenate</strong> another string to the end
117 reach a <strong>minimum</strong> length. This operation is frequently called
130 <p>A similar operation allows to remove, by default, <strong>spaces</strong>
156 <p>We can also <strong>reduce</strong> the string to a
157 <strong>sub-string</strong> by specifying the position of the first character
194 <p>Another very useful method is the <strong>ASCII</strong> transformation.
243 <p>More generally, to change the <strong>encoding</strong> format, we can use
263 <p>We can <strong>split</strong> the string into several sub-strings by using
286 <p>If we would like to <strong>iterate</strong> over all the
287 <strong>characters</strong>, it is recommended to use the
323 <p>Strings can also be <strong>compared</strong> thanks to the
358 <p>Comparison between two strings depends on the <strong>locale</strong>, it
363 <p>We can also know if a string <strong>matches</strong> a certain pattern,
386 <p>Similarly, we can <strong>search</strong> and <strong>replace</strong>
440 <strong>direction</strong> of a character. We also have the
441 <code>getCharWidth</code> which counts the <strong>number of columns</strong>
456 <strong>printable</strong> (for instance, if this is a control character, like
478 <p>Try this in your terminal with a <strong>monospaced</strong> font. You will
487 rather by <strong>machine</strong> characters <code>char</code> (being
490 <strong>length</strong> of the string in bytes:</p>
511 <strong>code-point</strong>. To get the code-point of a character, we can
533 <strong>search</strong> algorithms on strings through the
536 which searches a sub-string in a string up to <strong><em>k</em>
537 differences</strong> (a difference is an addition, a deletion or a