consonants (pulmonic)
|
bilabial |
labiodental |
dental |
alveolar |
postalveolar |
retroflex |
palatal |
velar |
uvular |
pharyngeal |
glottal |
| plosive |
p |
b |
|
|
|
|
t |
d |
|
|
ʈ |
ɖ |
c |
ɟ |
k |
g |
q |
ɢ |
|
|
ʔ |
|
| nasale |
|
m |
|
ɱ |
|
|
|
n |
|
|
|
ɳ |
|
ɲ |
|
ŋ |
|
ɴ |
|
|
|
|
| trill |
|
ʙ |
|
|
|
|
|
r |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ʀ |
|
|
|
|
| tap/flap |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɾ |
|
|
|
ɽ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| fricative |
ɸ |
β |
f |
v |
θ |
ð |
s |
z |
ʃ |
ʒ |
ʂ |
ʐ |
ç |
ʝ |
x |
ɣ |
χ |
ʁ |
ħ |
ʕ |
h |
ɦ |
| laterale fricative |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɬ |
ɮ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| approximant |
|
|
|
ʋ |
|
|
|
ɹ |
|
|
|
ɻ |
|
j |
|
ɰ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| lateral approximant |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
l |
|
|
|
ɭ |
|
ʎ |
|
ʟ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
vowels
|
front |
near-front |
central |
near-back |
back |
| close |
i |
y |
|
|
ɨ |
ʉ |
|
|
ɯ |
u |
| near-close |
|
|
ɪ |
ʏ |
|
|
|
ʊ |
|
|
| close-mid |
e |
ø |
|
|
ɘ |
ɵ |
|
|
ɤ |
o |
| mid |
|
|
|
|
ə |
|
|
|
|
| open-mid |
ɛ |
œ |
|
|
ɜ |
ɞ |
|
|
ʌ |
ɔ |
| near-open |
æ |
|
|
|
ɐ |
|
|
|
|
| open |
a |
ɶ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɑ |
ɒ |
consonants (non-pulmonic)
| clicks |
voiced implosives |
| ʘ |
ɓ |
| ǀ |
ɗ |
| ǃ |
ʄ |
| ǂ |
ɠ |
| ǁ |
ʛ |
| ejectives |
’ |